As former EPA and ORD scientists, we argue that dismantling ORD would not only jeopardize human and environmental health, but also weaken American science and global competitiveness. ORD’s vital—yet ...

Vibrio cholerae, known for its pathogenicity in humans, is most commonly a marine microbe that forms biofilms on chitin particles, which it can consume as a source of carbon and nitrogen. Upon ...

In the secretory pathway, the pH within organelles is gradually acidified, starting at 7.1 to 7.2 in the endoplasmic reticulum, decreasing to 6.0 to 6.7 in the Golgi apparatus/trans-Golgi network ...

Bispecific T cell engagers (TcEs) that are able to simultaneously bind to epitopes on cancer cells and T cells are a versatile, highly potent, and economical immunotherapeutic tool (1). TcEs are ...

The synthesis of new polyhydrides with high superconducting Tc is challenging owing to the high pressures and temperatures required. In this study, we used machine-learning potential molecular ...

Meiotic recombination is an evolutionary-conserved process that shapes genetic variation in most eukaryotes. DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, and high levels of nucleosome occupancy suppress ...

Natural ice plays salient roles in making the Earth habitable and sustainable. Previously overlooked, its role in chemical processes is now of emerging interest, particularly due to the freeze ...

Greening immediately after etiolated-seedling’s emergence from the soil is critical for plants to initiate their autotrophic life cycle through photosynthesis. The greening process relies on a complex ...

Self-reproduction is one of the most fundamental features of natural life. This study introduces a biochemistry-free method for creating self-reproducing polymeric vesicles. In this process, ...

Morphological innovations are fundamental drivers of evolution and speciation. Several major novelties appeared at the origin of vertebrates and enabled an array of changes, such as the shift to a ...

Potassium channels play an important role in many cell types. They set the resting potential in nonexcitable cells or reset the potential in depolarization in excitable cells. Potassium channels are ...

Systems that evolve in time according to specific rules are known as dynamical systems, and the associated field of study is called dynamical system theory. There is a rich history on this topic, ...