The tools leading to this revolution in understanding included Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) along ...
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): A surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that can identify the elemental composition and chemical state of materials. Auger Electron ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) will be used to characterise the interface of different cured ...