In 2009 researchers found an "ionization surprise" that defied explanation. Until that time, it had been commonly thought that the ionization of atoms by strong laser fields was well-understood, but ...

Figure 1: Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of ionization products of Xe atoms and clusters. Figure 3: Classical simulations of the electron motion and ionization for Xe 13 clusters after irradiation ...

Bipolar ionization technology releases charged atoms that attach to and deactivate harmful substances like bacteria, mold, allergens, and viruses. It first arrived in the US in the 1970s as a tool to ...

If you would like to learn more about the IAEA’s work, sign up for our weekly updates containing our most important news, multimedia and more. This report both complements and extends Technical ...

In his paper, "Flash Ionization of the Early Universe by Pop III.1 Supermassive Stars," published on the arXiv preprint server and forthcoming in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Tan, who is also a ...

Current state of the theory of Penning ionization is reviewed, in terms of the problems currently under consideration, the physical concepts underlying various recent theories, and some of the ...

The effects of burner flow parameters, fuel type, and fuel composition on the uniformity of relative response of a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) hydrocarbon analyzer were experimentally investigated ...