Imagine you are drawing a starfish—where would you draw its face? Starfish have eyes at the tip of each of their arms, but the location of their heads has puzzled scientists for decades.

Animals come in an astounding diversity of forms. Some differences are so profound that it is difficult to imagine how they arose. What sequence of events enabled the shared ancestor of a jellyfish ...

Along the ocean floor lives an unusual multi-armed creature. No, not the octopus, the starfish: an animal from the echinoderm family known for its spines and bumps and, most importantly for some ...

Scientists trying to work out where a starfish’s head is have come to a startling conclusion: it is effectively the whole animal. As well as solving this longstanding mystery, the finding will help us ...

The extraxial axial theory is used to investigate homology of ambulacral and oral plating because it predicts terminal branching and terminal addition of plates in the axial skeleton, although ...

The eggs of echinoderms with lecithotrophic development provide structural and nutritional materials (lipids, proteins) to complete development without any external sources of nutrition. Previous ...

Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America / Juan José Alvarado and Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín -- The echinoderms of Mexico : biodiversity, distribution and current state of knowledge / ...