(Image: A. Carlson, Wikimedia Commons, in the public domain) Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) are both essential for analyzing material surfaces, offering ...

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): A surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that can identify the elemental composition and chemical state of materials. Auger Electron ...

is equipped with a dual source anode (Al and Mg), a hemispherical analyzer for XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis, including elemental mapping capabilities, an electron gun source for ...

XPS relies on the photoelectric effect, where irradiating a material with X-rays causes the emission of core electrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is measured, which can be directly ...